Virtual ICCM Session I

Cognition and emotion must be partnered in any complete model of a humanlike mind. This article proposes an extension to the Common Model of Cognition – a developing consensus concerning what is required in such a mind – for emotion that includes a linked pair of modules for emotion and metacognitive assessment, plus pervasive connections between these two new modules and the Common Model’s existing modules and links.

In this study, we considered that emotion and emotional contagion influence the success of cooperative behavior, and conducted a simulation using the board game ``Hanabi'', which is suitable for analyzing cooperative behavior. The results of the simulation showed that the score of the model with emotion decreased, confirming the negative influence of emotion on cooperative behavior. The analysis showed that the higher the emotional valence and the higher the arousal level, the more successful the cooperative behavior was. It was also suggested that arousal level was more likely to cause synchronization through emotional contagion than emotional valence.

Fatigue, if not managed properly, can have dangerous consequences for cognition and performance. It has been well established that fatigue impairs cognition, but theoretical development is necessary to better understand this relationship and predict conditions when performance may be at risk. In the present work, we examine a theory of fatigue situated in the ACT-R cognitive architecture. The theory proposes that fatigue results in the reduction of activation of task-relevant procedural and declarative knowledge. However, the relative impacts of fatigue on these two types of knowledge remains unclear. Here we investigated a task that requires activation of both procedural and declarative knowledge and we examined the fit of models assuming different fatigue mechanisms. Thirty-nine participants completed a 2-back task across 8 sessions over a 24-hour period. There was a significant effect of time on reaction time, hit rate, and false alarm rate. Our ACT-R variants of the \textit{N}-back that included the fatigue module similarly showed an effect of time on those metrics. When comparing our variants to the behavioral data, the variant that included procedural lapses fit the data better than the variant that modeled fatigue as changes in activation strength and the variant that included both. These results provide information about the generalizability and boundary conditions of the mechanisms proposed by the ACT-R fatigue module.

Present-biased behavior is traditionally studied using models of diminishing utility and varying rates of discounting the future. Recent efforts to curtail time inconsistencies of delay discounting have incorporated subjective time perception into the normative discount function. However, the ramifications of subjective time on inter-temporal choices have not been clearly examined. We simulate time-consistent exponential and time-inconsistent hyperbolic discounting behavior with subjective time to see how the psychological scaling of objective clock time affects people's choice of the delayed reward. Our results suggest that time contraction and dilation respectively increase and decrease the probability of choosing the later outcome. We also find that these time perception-based preference shifts are similar in effect size to preference shifts typically explained by changes in discount rates earlier in the literature. Our results suggest that a psychological time-perception account can be used to explain observed present-biased behaviors instead of relying on traditional discount-rate explanations.